地基干涉雷达IBIS-S桥跨结构振动变形测量与模态分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

王鹏  邢诚  项霞 《测绘通报》2019,(10):35-39

地基雷达干涉测量技术能够以较高的时空采样频率获取线性结构目标整体瞬时变形状态。本文将该技术引入大型桥梁桥跨结构的振动变形测量与模态分析中。对动静载试验过程中的武汉二七长江大桥东岸桥跨结构开展连续变形监测，利用频域分解法计算桥跨结构的自振频率、阻尼比和模态振型。计算结果表明，地基干涉雷达干涉测量技术能够快速探测桥跨结构竖弯模态，特别适用于灾后大型线形结构健康状态的应急检测。  相似文献   

SAR image despeckling with a multilayer perceptron neural network     

Xiao Tang  Lei Zhang  Xiaoli Ding 《International Journal of Digital Earth》2019,12(3):354-374

Speckle noise in synthetic-aperture radar (SAR) images severely hinders remote sensing applications; therefore, the appropriate removal of speckle noise is crucial. This paper elaborates on the multilayer perceptron (MLP) neural-network model for SAR image despeckling by using a time series of SAR images. Unlike other filtering methods that use only a single radar intensity image to derive their parameters and filter that single image, this method can be trained using archived images over an area of interest to self-learn the intensity characteristics of image patches and then adaptively determine the weights and thresholds by using a neural network for image despeckling. Several hidden layers are designed for feedforward network training, and back-propagation stochastic gradient descent is adopted to reduce the error between the target output and neural-network output. The parameters in the network are automatically updated in the training process. The greatest advantage of MLP is that once the despeckling parameters are determined, they can be used to process not only new images in the same area but also images in completely different locations. Tests with images from TerraSAR-X in selected areas indicated that MLP shows satisfactory performance with respect to noise reduction and edge preservation. The overall image quality obtained using MLP was markedly higher than that obtained using numerous other filters. In comparison with other recently developed filters, this method yields a slightly higher image quality, and it demonstrates the powerful capabilities of computer learning using SAR images, which indicate the promising prospect of applying MLP to SAR image despeckling.  相似文献   

Propagation of uncertainties in interpolated rainfields to runoff errors     

Yeboah Gyasi-Agyei 《水文科学杂志》2019,64(5):587-606

Conditional daily rainfields were generated using collocated raingauge radar data by a kriging interpolation method, and disaggregated into hourly rainfields using variants of the method of fragments. A geographic information system (GIS)-based distributed rainfall–runoff model was used to convert the hourly rainfields into hydrographs. Using the complete radar rainfall as input, the rainfall–runoff model was calibrated based on storm events taken from nested catchments. Performance statistics were estimated by comparing the observed and the complete radar rainfall simulated hydrographs. Degradation in the hydrograph performance statistics by the simulated hourly rainfields was used to identify runoff error propagation. Uncertainty in daily rainfall amounts alone caused higher errors in runoff (depth, peak, and time to peak) than those caused by uncertainties in the hourly proportions alone. However, the degradation, which reduced with runoff depth, caused by the combined uncertainties was not significantly different from that caused by the uncertainty of amounts alone.  相似文献   

An improved building detection approach using L-band POLSAR two-dimensional time-frequency decomposition over oriented built-up areas     

Lei Deng  Ying He  Zhi-hui Mao  Jie Yu 《地理信息系统科学与遥感》2019,56(1):1-21

The objective of this study is to efficiently extract detailed information about various man-made targets in oriented built-up areas using polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (POLSAR) images. This paper develops an improved approach for building detection by utilizing Two-Dimensional Time-Frequency (2-D TF) decomposition. This method performs outstandingly in distinguishing between man-made and natural targets based on the isotropic behaviors, frequency-sensitive responses, and scattering mechanisms of objects. The proposed method can preserve the spatial resolution and exploit the advantages of TF decomposition; specifically, the exact outlines of buildings can be effectively located, and more types of features (e.g., flat roofs, roads, and walls that are oblique to the radar illumination) can be distinguished from forests in complex built-up areas by 2-D TF decomposition. The coarser-resolution subaperture images that are produced in the azimuth direction, which correspond to different looking angles, are beneficial for detecting man-made structures with main scattering centers oriented at oblique angles with respect to the radar illumination. In the range direction, the obtained subaperture images, which correspond to various observation frequencies, can be helpful in distinguishing flat roofs and roads from forests. This method was successfully implemented to analyze both NASA/JPL L-band AIRSAR and L-band EMISAR data sets. The building detection results of the proposed method exhibit a significant improvement over those of other methods and reach an overall accuracy over 80%, with approximately 20% higher than the accuracies of K-means clustering and the entropy/alpha-Wishart classifier and approximately 10% higher than the accuracy of the support vector machine method. Moreover, building details can be precisely detected, obliquely oriented buildings can be identified, and the distinction between buildings and forests is significantly improved, as both visually and statistically indicated. This method is highly adaptable and has substantial application value.  相似文献   

无人机倾斜影像自动检索及影像姿态恢复     

孙钰珊  艾海滨  许彪  杜全叶 《地球信息科学学报》2019,21(4):600-607

无人机倾斜摄影测量颠覆了以往正射影像只能从垂直角度拍摄的局限,在三维建模中有广泛的前景。针对有些无人机倾斜影像数据无相机标定参数、无航带信息（无序）、无POS信息的现状,本文以计算机视觉中基于内容的影像检索方法与改进的渐进式SFM方法为基础,提出一种“三无”影像自动检索、空中三角测量及影像三维重建的方法。该方法首先通过提取的特征检索出相似影像并建立网络结构,然后将影像进行两两匹配增强对应关系并进行连接点的追踪,最后利用光束法平差方法对其进行平差,获取影像集的三维点云,提高大规模影像检索、影像匹配速度的同时,提高重建的精确性和鲁棒度。本文选取三组典型试验区大数据量倾斜影像数据进行试验,立体实测控制点中误差可以达到平面0.16m/高程0.18m,试验验证了方法的稳定性、可靠性和实用性。  相似文献   

Water level observations from unmanned aerial vehicles for improving estimates of surface water–groundwater interaction          下载免费PDF全文

Filippo Bandini  Michael Butts  Torsten Vammen Jacobsen  Peter Bauer‐Gottwein 《水文研究》2017,31(24):4371-4383

Integrated hydrological models are usually calibrated against observations of river discharge and piezometric head in groundwater aquifers. Calibration of such models against spatially distributed observations of river water level can potentially improve their reliability and predictive skill. However, traditional river gauging stations are normally spaced too far apart to capture spatial patterns in the water surface, whereas spaceborne observations have limited spatial and temporal resolution. Unmanned aerial vehicles can retrieve river water level measurements, providing (a) high spatial resolution; (b) spatially continuous profiles along or across the water body, and (c) flexible timing of sampling. A semisynthetic study was conducted to analyse the value of the new unmanned aerial vehicle‐borne datatype for improving hydrological models, in particular estimates of groundwater–surface water (GW–SW) interaction. Mølleåen River (Denmark) and its catchment were simulated using an integrated hydrological model (MIKE 11–MIKE SHE). Calibration against distributed surface water levels using the Differential Evolution Adaptive Metropolis algorithm demonstrated a significant improvement in estimating spatial patterns and time series of GW–SW interaction. After water level calibration, the sharpness of the estimates of GW–SW time series improves by ~50% and root mean square error decreases by ~75% compared with those of a model calibrated against discharge only.  相似文献   

Verification of short-term runoff forecasts for a small Philippine basin (Marikina)     

David Kneis  Catherine Abon  Axel Bronstert  Maik Heistermann 《水文科学杂志》2017,62(2):205-216

Storm runoff from the Marikina River Basin frequently causes flood events in the Philippine capital region Metro Manila. This paper presents and evaluates a system to predict short-term runoff from the upper part of that basin (380 km²). It was designed as a possible component of an operational warning system yet to be installed. For the purpose of forecast verification, hindcasts of streamflow were generated for a period of 15 months with a time-continuous, conceptual hydrological model. The latter was fed with real-time observations of rainfall. Both ground observations and weather radar data were tested as rainfall forcings. The radar-based precipitation estimates clearly outperformed the raingauge-based estimates in the hydrological verification. Nevertheless, the quality of the deterministic short-term runoff forecasts was found to be limited. For the radar-based predictions, the reduction of variance for lead times of 1, 2 and 3 hours was 0.61, 0.62 and 0.54, respectively, with reference to a “no-forecast” scenario, i.e. persistence. The probability of detection for major increases in streamflow was typically less than 0.5. Given the significance of flood events in the Marikina Basin, more effort needs to be put into the reduction of forecast errors and the quantification of remaining uncertainties.  相似文献   

Coal top detection by conductively guided borehole radar wave imaging for open cut blast-hole drilling     

Binzhong Zhou  Matthew van de Werken  Jianjian Huo 《Geophysical Prospecting》2020,68(3):982-998

Damage to the top of coal seams, caused by incorrect blast stand-off distances, results in coal losses of up to 10–15% to the Australian open cut coal mining operations. This is a serious issue to be addressed. Here we propose to use a new forward-looking imaging technique based on the borehole radar technology to predict the coal seam top in real time while drilling blast holes. This is achieved by coupling the conventional borehole radar waves on to a steel drill rod to induce a guided wave along the axial drill rod. The drill rod ahead of the borehole radar behaves as a forward-looking antenna for the guided waves. Both numerical modelling and field trials simulating a drill rod as an antenna are used to investigate the feasibility of the proposed technique for prediction of the coal top under typical open cut environments. Numerical modelling demonstrated that conductivity of the overburden is the most important factor affecting our ability to see coal seams ahead of the drill bit, the guided borehole radar waves could be used for top coal prediction and a theoretical prediction error less than 10 cm and a forward-looking capability of 4–6 m can be achieved. Field trials at Australian open cut coal mines also demonstrated that guided borehole radar waves can be observed and used for prediction of coal top ahead of drill bit during blast-hole drilling in resistive, open cut environments (the average resistivity should be higher than 75 Ωm).  相似文献   

Characterization of complex groundwater flows in the environment of singular buildings by combining hydrogeological and non-destructive geophysical (ground-penetrating radar) techniques: Punta Begoña Galleries (Getxo,Spain)     

Jesus A. Uriarte  Laura Damas Mollá  Maialen Sagarna  Arantza Aranburu  Francisco García  Iñaki Antigüedad  Tomás Morales 《水文研究》2020,34(4):1004-1015

Locating and quantifying groundwater flow in many built-up areas are a priority with regard to its complete restoration. In this work, a hydrogeological survey of the surroundings of the Punta Begoña Galleries (Getxo, Bizkaia), built on a coastal cliff, was completed by using ground penetrating radar (GPR) testing. Thus, the preliminary characterization of soils and rocks in accessible areas of the cliff was first improved by hydrogeological information gathered from a single survey borehole, including permeability measurements by low pressure injection tests (LPTs) and continuous water level monitoring. As a complementary method, the non-destructive GPR technique was performed during both dry and wet hydrological periods and in tandem with the injection tests, providing more complete spatial and temporal images of water flows. Specifically, GPR allows mapping of flow paths in soils and assessing the continuity of fractures in rock masses. Altogether, this complementary approach provides greater knowledge of complex underground flow dynamics in built environments, thus making it easier to make decisions for their management.  相似文献   

高分五号热红外传感器多通道SST反演     

崔文杰  李家国  李忠  朱利  王殿忠  张宁 《遥感学报》2020,24(7):852-866

2018-05高分五号（GF-5）卫星发射升空，其上搭载的全谱段成像仪在热红外8—13 μm谱段范围内具有4个温度反演通道（B09,B10,B11,B12），空间分辨率设计优于40 m，在国内民用传感器领域实现了由单通道向多通道、中空间分辨率向高空间分辨率的跨越式突破，使得GF-5卫星热红外数据在地表热环境遥感领域具有极其重要应用价值。本研究基于GF-5的4个热红外通道的通道响应函数，利用全球742条TIGR（Thermodynamic Initial Guess Retrieval）探空廓线数据，进行不同观测角度、水汽含量和海表发射率条件下的MODTRAN4.0（Moderate resolution atmospheric Transmittance and Radiance code4.0)辐射传输过程模拟，基于模拟结果分别对两通道、三通道和四通道劈窗算法海表温度SST（ Sea Surface Temperature）反演系数进行修订，并分析观测角度、水汽含量和海表发射率对不同通道组合的精度影响，并通过GF-5卫星实际反演的SST结果进行验证。GF-5全谱段成像仪SST反演两通道劈窗算法组合共有6种，即B09-B10、B09-B11、B09-B12、B10-B11、B10-B12、B11-B12；三通道劈窗算法组合共有4种，即B09-B10-B11、B09-B10-B12、B09-B11-B12、B10-B11-B12；四通道劈窗算法组合1种，即B09-B10-B11-B12。通过对不同通道组合形式研究发现，水汽含量对SST反演精度有较大的影响，且温度反演的精度随着水汽含量的增加而降低；其次是观测角度，SST反演精度随着观测天顶角的增大而降低；最后是发射率的影响，两通道、三通道和四通道劈窗算法SST反演精度随着发射率的变化总体在0.1 K以内变化。最后以大亚湾核电站周围海域为验证区，用GF-5热红外遥感影像进行SST的反演并做误差分析，结果表明B09-B10通道SST反演实际误差为0.57 K，反演精度较高，实际误差与理论模拟误差相差0.24 K，差异的来源主要包括辐射定标和传感器噪声等要素影响，其他通道形式反演精度有待于传感器响应稳定后进一步验证。  相似文献